L’IBM 705 era un computer basato su tubi elettronici (valvole) di prima generazione. Fu annunciato nell’ottobre del 1954, con consegne nel 1956. Era una macchina orientata all’uomo, con caratteri di 7 bit e parole a 35 bit (per adattarsi ai 5 caratteri). Il modello 705 I venne fornito con una memoria di 20.000 caratteri e costò circa $ 590.000. (1954 dollari, che sono oltre 4 milioni di dollari nel 2003). Il modello II arrivò con 40.000 caratteri di memoria e il modello III ebbe ben 80.000 caratteri di memoria.
Il 705 è stato il primo computer commerciale con memoria core. Anche l’IBM 704 (annunciato nel 1954) aveva una memoria centrale, ma era generalmente considerato un computer scientifico. Il 705 successe all’IBM 702, che utilizzava la memoria CRT. Solo l’unità aritmetica utilizzava 1.700 tubi a vuoto. Potrebbe contenere due numeri di 10 cifre in soli 0,0024 secondi.
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